Color used in designing web pages.Comparisons.Web colors are used in on the, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. Colors may be specified as an triplet or in format (a hex triplet) or according to their common English names in some cases.
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A or other is often used to generate color values. In some uses, hexadecimal color codes are specified with notation using a leading (#). A color is specified according to the intensity of its red, green and blue components, each represented by eight.
Thus, there are 24 bits used to specify a web color within the gamut, and 16,777,216 colors that may be so specified.Colors outside the sRGB gamut can be specified in by making one or more of the red, green and blue components negative or greater than 100%, so the color space is theoretically an unbounded extrapolation of sRGB similar to. Specifying a non-sRGB color this way requires the RGB function call; it is impossible with the hexadecimal syntax (and thus impossible in legacy documents that do not use CSS).The first versions of and used the as the basis for their color lists, as both started as applications.Web colors have an unambiguous colorimetric definition, which relates the of a particular set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions. These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world and viewing conditions, in order to allow rendering to be fairly close to the specified values even without. Vary in the fidelity with which they represent the specified colors. More advanced user agents use color management to provide better color fidelity; this is particularly important for applications. Contents.Hex triplet A hex triplet is a six-digit, three- number used in, and other computing applications to represent colors.
The bytes represent the red, green and blue components of the color. One byte represents a number in the range 00 to FF (in hexadecimal notation), or 0 to 255 in decimal notation. This represents the least (0) to the most (255) intensity of each of the color components. Thus web colors specify colors in the (24-bit RGB) color scheme.
The hex triplet is formed by concatenating three bytes in hexadecimal notation, in the following order:Byte 1: red value (color type red) Byte 2: green value (color type green) Byte 3: blue value (color type blue)For example, consider the color where the red/green/blue values are decimal numbers: red=36, green=104, blue=160 (a grayish-blue color). The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are equivalent to the hexadecimal numbers 24, 68 and A0 respectively.
The hex triplet is obtained by concatenating the six hexadecimal digits together, 2468A0 in this example.If any one of the three color values is less than 10 hex (16 decimal), it must be represented with a leading zero so that the triplet always has exactly six digits. For example, the decimal triplet 4, 8, 16 would be represented by the hex digits 04, 08, 10, forming the hex triplet 040810.The number of colors that can be represented by this system is 16 6 or 256 3 or 2 24 = 16,777,216.Shorthand hexadecimal form An abbreviated, three (hexadecimal)-digit form is used.
Expanding this form to the six-digit form is as simple as doubling each digit: 09C becomes 0099CC as presented on the following example. See also:RGB values are usually given in the 0–255 range; if they are in the 0–1 range, the values are multiplied by 255 before conversion. This number divided by sixteen (integer division; ignoring any remainder) gives us the first hexadecimal digit (between 0 and F, where the letters A to F represent the numbers 10 to 15. See for more details). The remainder gives us the second hexadecimal digit. For instance the RGB value 201 divides into 12 groups of 16, thus the first digit is C. A remainder of nine gives us the hexadecimal number C9.
This process is repeated for each of the three color values.Conversion between number bases is a common feature of calculators, including both hand-held models and the software calculators bundled with most modern. Web-based tools specifically for converting color values are also available.HTML color names The 4.01 specification, ratified in 1999, defines 16 named colors, as follows (names are defined in this context to be case-insensitive). Main article:A number of colors are defined. A particular browser may not recognize all of these colors, but as of 2005, all modern, general-use, graphical browsers support the full list of colors. Many of these colors are from the list of distributed with the. These colors were standardized by, and are accepted by user agents.
They are not part of.The list of colors shipped with the X11 product varies between implementations and clashes with certain of the HTML names such as green. X11 colors are defined as simple (hence, no particular color space), rather than. This means that the list of colors found in X11 (e.g., in /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt) should not directly be used to choose colors for the web.The list of web 'X11 colors' from the CSS3 specification, along with their hexadecimal and decimal equivalents, is shown below. Compare the alphabetical lists in the W3C standards.In the mid-90s, many displays were only capable of displaying 256 colors. These may be dictated by the hardware or changeable by a 'color table'.
When a color is found (e.g., in an image) that is not one available, a different one had to be used. This can be done by either using the closest color, or by using.There were various attempts to make a 'standard' color palette.
Color added in CSS 2.1Name(RGB)(RGB)(RGB)(RGB)(HSL/HSV)(HSL)(HSL)(HSV)(HSV)Alias#FFA500100%65%0%39°100%50%100%100%CSS 2, and CSS 2.1 allow web authors to use system colors, which are color names whose values are taken from the, picking the operating system's highlighted text color, or the background color for tooltip controls. This enables web authors to style their content in line with the operating system of the user agent. The color module has the use of system colors in favor of CSS3 UI System Appearance property, which itself was subsequently dropped from CSS3.The developing CSS3 specification also introduces values to style sheets. Color added in CSS4 Colors moduleName(RGB)(RGB)(RGB)(RGB)(HSL/HSV)(HSL)(HSL)(HSV)(HSV)AliasRebeccaPurple#66339940%20%60%270°50%40%67%60%Accessibility Color selection Some and devices do not support colors. For these displays, or for blind and colorblind users, Web content depending on colors can be unusable or difficult to use.Either no colors should be specified (to invoke the browser's default colors), or both the background and all foreground colors (such as the colors of plain text, unvisited links, hovered links, active links, and visited links) should be specified to avoid black on black or white on white effects. Color contrast The recommend a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between the of text and its background color or at least 3:1 for large text. Enhanced accessibility requires contrast ratios greater than 7:1.However, addressing accessibility concerns is not simply a matter of increasing the contrast ratio.
As a report to the indicates, dyslexic readers are better served by contrast ratios below the maximum. The recommendations they refer to of off-black (0x0A0A0A) on off-white (0xFFFFE5) and black (0x000000) on creme (0xFAFAC8) have contrast ratios of 11.7:1 and 20.3:1 respectively. Among their other color pairs, brown (0x282800) on dark green (0xA0A000) has a contrast ratio of 3.24:1, which is less than the recommendation, dark brown (0x1E1E00) on light green (0xB9B900) has a contrast ratio of 4.54:1 and blue (0x00007D) on yellow (0xFFFF00) has a contrast ratio of 11.4:1. Notice that the colors named in the report use different color values than the web colors of the same name.See also.